Laparoscopy:-

Laparoscopy is a procedure used to examine the organs of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and treat conditions using minimally invasive surgery.

Minimally invasive surgery uses specialized techniques and advanced technology such as miniature cameras, fiber optics and high-definition monitors to perform diagnostic and operative procedures. These procedures require small incisions or no incisions.

The advantages of minimally invasive surgery include:

1. Shorter overall recovery time.
2. Faster return to regular activities.
3. Alternatives to open surgery.
4. shorter inpatient stays for procedures requiring admission.
5. better cosmetic results.

Two minimally invasive techniques commonly used are laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.

1. Laparoscopy uses a laparoscope, a thin tube containing a video camera. The laparoscope is placed through a small incision in the abdomen and produces images that can be seen on a computer screen. Several small tubes are placed in the abdomen. Different instruments are placed through these tubes in order to perform surgical procedures.
2. The advantage of laparoscopy is that it allows a direct view of the abdominal organs and structures without the need for major surgery. Laparoscopy also allows surgical procedures to be performed using small incisions.

Laparoscopic Treatment Options:-

Many procedures that were traditionally only done through large open incisions can now be done laparoscopically. The types of surgeries include:

1. laparoscopic myomectomy for the removal of large fibroids or multiple fibroids.
2. laparoscopic treatment of advanced stage endometriosis.
3. laparoscopic procedures in patients with a history of multiple prior surgeries.
4. laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis (tubal ligation reversal).
5. laparoscopic removal of large benign ovarian masses or cysts.

Many surgical procedures that required major surgery in the past can be done through laparoscopy now.

These are called Fertility Enhancing Laparoscopy- laparoscopy done to increase the fertilization.

Hysteroscopic Treatment Options:-

Hysteroscopy is done using a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube that is inserted into the vagina to examine the cervix and inside of the uterus.

Hysteroscopy can be either diagnostic or operative.

Some of the hysteroscopy procedures,

1. diagnostic for evaluation of infertility, along with laparoscopy
2. removal of scar tissue from the inside of the uterus(adhesions, Asherman's syndrome)
3. removal of a uterine septum,
4. removal of foreign body- impacted foetal bones
5. cannulation for proximal tubal block
6. hese are performed in the operation theater under anesthesia.